Chapter 27. 網際網路上的資源

Table of Contents
27.1. Mailing lists
27.2. Usenet newsgroups
27.3. World Wide Web servers
27.4. Email Addresses
27.5. Shell Accounts

Contributed by Jordan K. Hubbard .

進展飛快的 FreeBSD 使得現有的印刷、平面媒體跟不上它的最新進度! 反而電子版的資源,也許有時並不是最好,但通常是唯一一個跟上最新進展 的方式。 FreeBSD 來自於自願者的努力,而使用者群也通常扮演著 `` 技術支援部門 '' 的角色。只要使用 電子郵件和 USENET 新聞群組 就可以很快速地找到他們。

以下描述了和 FreeBSD 使用者共同體搭上線的主要方式。若你還 知道其他這裡沒有列出的資源,請告知 FreeBSD documentation project mailing list ,以便將它們加入 於此。

27.1. Mailing lists

雖然大部份的 FreeBSD 研發人員都有看 USENET,我們也不能保證我們永遠可以 及時得知您的問題。若您只將問題發表在 comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.* 其中之一個群組上。 如果您將問題發到適當的 mailing list 上,您不但可以同時讓 FreeBSD 研發人員 和其他的讀者看到,通常也可以得到一個較好的(最起碼會比較快)的 回應。

本文件的最末是各個不同的 Mailing List 的使用條文。 在訂閱其中任何一個 list 之前,請先閱讀使用條文。 現在訂閱這些 list 的人們每天都會收到上百封關於 FreeBSD 的信件。 設立 list 的使用條文有助於維護討論品質。 否則這些討論此 project 的 list 終將失去其效用。

全部的 mailing lists 記錄都可以在 FreeBSD WWW 伺服器 FreeBSD World Wide Web server 上找到。 此伺服器提供了很棒的關鍵字搜尋功能,可讓您找到常用問答集 (FAQ) 的解答。而在 mailing lists 上發問之前,也請先搜尋是否已有解答。

27.1.1. List summary

一般的 list : 以下的 list 都是一般性的,而且大家可以自由地加入, 我們也鼓勵大家加入他們:

List 名稱目的
freebsd-advocacyFreeBSD 福音主義
freebsd-announce重要事件及計劃的里程碑
freebsd-bugs發現 bug 時的報告處
freebsd-chat和技術性項無關的 FreeBSD 討論區
freebsd-current討論 FreeBSD-current 的使用
freebsd-isp使用 FreeBSD 的網路服務供應者發行物
freebsd-jobsFreeBSD 工作既協商機會
freebsd-newbiesFreeBSD 新手的討論區
freebsd-policyFreeBSD 核心團隊方針討論區。份量小,而且是唯讀的。
freebsd-questions使用問題及技術性的支援
freebsd-stable討論 FreeBSD-stable 的使用

技術性的 mailing list:以下的 mailing lists 是用來討論技術性的問題的。在加入訂閱及討論之前, 請務必仔細閱讀每個 lists 的綱領, 因為它們的討論內容都是很嚴謹地被限制著的。

List目的
freebsd-afs將 AFS 移植到 FreeBSD
freebsd-alpha將 FreeBSD 移植到 Alpha 工作站
freebsd-docFreeBSD 文件寫作
freebsd-database討論在 FreeBSD 下發展及使用的資料庫
freebsd-emulation在 FreeBSD 上模擬其他系統,如 Linux/DOS/Windows
freebsd-fs檔案系統
freebsd-hackers一般性技術討論
freebsd-hardware一般性的硬體討論區
freebsd-ipfw關於 IP firewall 程式碼的技術性討論區
freebsd-isdnISDN 開發人員
freebsd-java給 Java 開發人員以及移植 JDKs 到 FreeBSD。
freebsd-mobile關於可攜式電腦的討論
freebsd-mozilla移植 mozilla 到 FreeBSD 上
freebsd-net網路討論和 TCP/IP 原始程式碼
freebsd-platforms將 FreeBSD 移植到非 Intel 架構的平台上
freebsd-ports討論 ports 軟件收集
freebsd-scsiSCSI 子系統
freebsd-security系統安全
freebsd-small在嵌入式系統上使用 FreeBSD
freebsd-smpDesign discussions for [A]Symmetric MultiProcessing
freebsd-sparcPorting FreeBSD to Sparc systems
freebsd-tokenringSupport Token Ring in FreeBSD

限制訂閱的 lists: 以下的 lists 是針對某些特定要求的讀者而設, 而且並不適合被當成是一般公開的討論區。 您最好先在某一技術討論區參與討論後再選擇訂閱這些限制訂閱的 mailing-lists。 因為如此一來您可以了解到在這些討論區發言所須的禮儀。

List目的
freebsd-adminAdministrative issues
freebsd-archArchitecture and design discussions
freebsd-coreFreeBSD core team
freebsd-hubsPeople running mirror sites (infrastructural support)
freebsd-install安裝程式開發部門
freebsd-security-notificationsSecurity notifications
freebsd-user-groupsUser group coordination

CVS lists: 以下的 lists 是給對 FreeBSD 原生碼的變更記錄有興趣的人看的。 而且他們是 唯讀 的 lists , 您不能發 e-mail 給它們。

ListSource area描述
cvs-all/usr/src所有對原生碼改變的記錄

27.1.2. How to subscribe

All mailing lists live on FreeBSD.ORG, so to post to a given list you simply mail to <listname@FreeBSD.ORG>. It will then be redistributed to mailing list members world-wide.

To subscribe to a list, send mail to and include

    subscribe <listname> [<optional address>]
in the body of your message. For example, to subscribe yourself to freebsd-announce, you'd do:

    % mail majordomo@FreeBSD.ORG
    subscribe freebsd-announce
    ^D

If you want to subscribe yourself under a different name, or submit a subscription request for a local mailing list (this is more efficient if you have several interested parties at one site, and highly appreciated by us!), you would do something like:

    % mail majordomo@FreeBSD.ORG
    subscribe freebsd-announce local-announce@somesite.com
    ^D

Finally, it is also possible to unsubscribe yourself from a list, get a list of other list members or see the list of mailing lists again by sending other types of control messages to majordomo. For a complete list of available commands, do this:

    % mail majordomo@FreeBSD.ORG
    help
    ^D

Again, we would like to request that you keep discussion in the technical mailing lists on a technical track. If you are only interested in the ``high points'' then it is suggested that you join freebsd-announce, which is intended only for infrequent traffic.

27.1.3. List charters

AllFreeBSD mailing lists have certain basic rules which must be adhered to by anyone using them. Failure to comply with these guidelines will result in two (2) written warnings from the FreeBSD Postmaster , after which, on a third offense, the poster will removed from all FreeBSD mailing lists and filtered from further posting to them. We regret that such rules and measures are necessary at all, but today's Internet is a pretty harsh environment, it would seem, and many fail to appreciate just how fragile some of its mechanisms are.

Rules of the road:

  • The topic of any posting should adhere to the basic charter of the list it is posted to, e.g. if the list is about technical issues then your posting should contain technical discussion. Ongoing irrelevant chatter or flaming only detracts from the value of the mailing list for everyone on it and will not be tolerated. For free-form discussion on no particular topic, the freebsd-chat mailing list is freely available and should be used instead.

  • No posting should be made to more than 2 mailing lists, and only to 2 when a clear and obvious need to post to both lists exists. For most lists, there is already a great deal of subscriber overlap and except for the most esoteric mixes (say "-stable & -scsi"), there really is no reason to post to more than one list at a time. If a message is sent to you in such a way that multiple mailing lists appear on the Cc line then the cc line should also be trimmed before sending it out again. You are still responsible for your own cross-postings, no matter who the originator might have been.

  • Personal attacks and profanity (in the context of an argument) are not allowed, and that includes users and developers alike. Gross breaches of netiquette, like excerpting or reposting private mail when permission to do so was not and would not be forthcoming, are frowned upon but not specifically enforced. However, there are also very few cases where such content would fit within the charter of a list and it would therefore probably rate a warning (or ban) on that basis alone.

  • Advertising of non-FreeBSD related products or services is strictly prohibited and will result in an immediate ban if it is clear that the offender is advertising by spam.

Individual list charters:

FREEBSD-AFS

Andrew File System

This list is for discussion on porting and using AFS from CMU/Transarc

FREEBSD-ADMIN

Administrative issues

This list is purely for discussion of FreeBSD.org related issues and to report problems or abuse of project resources. It is a closed list, though anyone may report a problem (with our systems!) to it.

FREEBSD-ANNOUNCE

Important events / milestones

This is the mailing list for people interested only in occasional announcements of significant FreeBSD events. This includes announcements about snapshots and other releases. It contains announcements of new FreeBSD capabilities. It may contain calls for volunteers etc. This is a low volume, strictly moderated mailing list.

FREEBSD-ARCH

Architecture and design discussions

This is a moderated list for discussion of FreeBSD architecture. Messages will mostly be kept technical in nature, with (rare) exceptions for other messages the moderator deems need to reach all the subscribers of the list. Examples of suitable topics;

  • How to re-vamp the build system to have several customized builds running at the same time.

  • What needs to be fixed with VFS to make Heidemann layers work.

  • How do we change the device driver interface to be able to use the ame drivers cleanly on many buses and architectures?

  • How do I write a network driver?

The moderator reserves the right to do minor editing (spell-checking, grammar correction, trimming) of messages that are posted to the list. The volume of the list will be kept low, which may involve having to delay topics until an active discussion has been resolved.

FREEBSD-BUGS

Bug reports

This is the mailing list for reporting bugs in FreeBSD Whenever possible, bugs should be submitted using the send-pr(1) command or the WEB interface to it.

FREEBSD-CHAT

Non technical items related to the FreeBSD community

This list contains the overflow from the other lists about non-technical, social information. It includes discussion about whether Jordan looks like a toon ferret or not, whether or not to type in capitals, who is drinking too much coffee, where the best beer is brewed, who is brewing beer in their basement, and so on. Occasional announcements of important events (such as upcoming parties, weddings, births, new jobs, etc) can be made to the technical lists, but the follow ups should be directed to this -chat list.

FREEBSD-CORE

FreeBSD core team

This is an internal mailing list for use by the core members. Messages can be sent to it when a serious FreeBSD-related matter requires arbitration or high-level scrutiny.

FREEBSD-CURRENT

Discussions about the use of FreeBSD-current

This is the mailing list for users of freebsd-current. It includes warnings about new features coming out in -current that will affect the users, and instructions on steps that must be taken to remain -current. Anyone running ``current'' must subscribe to this list. This is a technical mailing list for which strictly technical content is expected.

FREEBSD-CURRENT-DIGEST

Discussions about the use of FreeBSD-current

This is the digest version of the freebsd-current mailing list. The digest consists of all messages sent to freebsd-current bundled together and mailed out as a single message. The average digest size is about 40kB. This list is Read-Only and should not be posted to.

FREEBSD-DOC

Documentation project

This mailing list is for the discussion of issues and projects related to the creation of documenation for FreeBSD. The members of this mailing list are collectively referred to as ``The FreeBSD Documentation Project''. It is an open list; feel free to join and contribute!

FREEBSD-FS

Filesystems

Discussions concerning FreeBSD filesystems. This is a technical mailing list for which strictly technical content is expected.

FREEBSD-IPFW

IP Firewall

This is the forum for technical discussions concerning the redesign of the IP firewall code in FreeBSD. This is a technical mailing list for which strictly technical content is expected.

FREEBSD-ISDN

ISDN Communications

This is the mailing list for people discussing the development of ISDN support for FreeBSD.

FREEBSD-JAVA

Java Development

This is the mailing list for people discussing the development of significant Java applications for FreeBSD and the porting and maintenance of JDKs.

FREEBSD-HACKERS

Technical discussions

This is a forum for technical discussions related to FreeBSD. This is the primary technical mailing list. It is for individuals actively working on FreeBSD, to bring up problems or discuss alternative solutions. Individuals interested in following the technical discussion are also welcome. This is a technical mailing list for which strictly technical content is expected.

FREEBSD-HACKERS-DIGEST

Technical discussions

This is the digest version of the freebsd-hackers mailing list. The digest consists of all messages sent to freebsd-hackers bundled together and mailed out as a single message. The average digest size is about 40kB. This list is Read-Only and should not be posted to.

FREEBSD-HARDWARE

General discussion of FreeBSD hardware

General discussion about the types of hardware that FreeBSD runs on, various problems and suggestions concerning what to buy or avoid.

FREEBSD-INSTALL

Installation discussion

This mailing list is for discussing FreeBSD installation development for the future releases and is closed.

FREEBSD-ISP

Issues for Internet Service Providers

This mailing list is for discussing topics relevant to Internet Service Providers (ISPs) using FreeBSD. This is a technical mailing list for which strictly technical content is expected.

FREEBSD-NEWBIES

Newbies activities discussion

We cover any of the activities of newbies that are not already dealt with elsewhere, including: independent learning and problem solving techniques, finding and using resources and asking for help elsewhere, how to use mailing lists and which lists to use, general chat, making mistakes, boasting, sharing ideas, stories, moral (but not technical) support, and taking an active part in the FreeBSD community. We take our problems and support questions to freebsd-questions, and use freebsd-newbies to meet others who are doing the same things that we do as newbies.

FREEBSD-PLATFORMS

Porting to Non-Intel platforms

Cross-platform FreeBSD issues, general discussion and proposals for non-Intel FreeBSD ports. This is a technical mailing list for which strictly technical content is expected.

FREEBSD-POLICY

Core team policy decisions

This is a low volume, read-only mailing list for FreeBSD Core Team Policy decisions.

FREEBSD-PORTS

Discussion of ``ports''

Discussions concerning FreeBSD's ``ports collection'' (/usr/ports), proposed ports, modifications to ports collection infrastructure and general coordination efforts. This is a technical mailing list for which strictly technical content is expected.

FREEBSD-QUESTIONS

User questions

This is the mailing list for questions about FreeBSD. You should not send ``how to'' questions to the technical lists unless you consider the question to be pretty technical.

FREEBSD-QUESTIONS-DIGEST

User questions

This is the digest version of the freebsd-questions mailing list. The digest consists of all messages sent to freebsd-questions bundled together and mailed out as a single message. The average digest size is about 40kB.

FREEBSD-SCSI

SCSI subsystem

This is the mailing list for people working on the scsi subsystem for FreeBSD. This is a technical mailing list for which strictly technical content is expected.

FREEBSD-SECURITY

Security issues

FreeBSD computer security issues (DES, Kerberos, known security holes and fixes, etc). This is a technical mailing list for which strictly technical content is expected.

FREEBSD-SECURITY-NOTIFICATIONS

Security Notifications Notifications of FreeBSD security problems and fixes. This is not a discussion list. The discussion list is FreeBSD-security.

FREEBSD-SMALL

This list discusses topics related to unusually small and embedded FreeBSD installations. This is a technical mailing list for which strictly technical content is expected.

FREEBSD-STABLE

Discussions about the use of FreeBSD-stable

This is the mailing list for users of freebsd-stable. It includes warnings about new features coming out in -stable that will affect the users, and instructions on steps that must be taken to remain -stable. Anyone running ``stable'' should subscribe to this list. This is a technical mailing list for which strictly technical content is expected.

FREEBSD-USER-GROUPS

User Group Coordination List

This is the mailing list for the coordinators from each of the local area Users Groups to discuss matters with each other and a designated individual from the Core Team. This mail list should be limited to meeting synopsis and coordination of projects that span User Groups. It is a closed list.